Surface modification refers to the process of altering the properties of a material's surface in order to improve its performance, durability, or interaction with other materials. This can involve a wide range of techniques, such as chemical treatments, physical treatments, coating applications, or the addition of thin films. Surface modification is commonly used in various industries, including electronics, aerospace, and biomedical, to enhance properties such as adhesion, corrosion resistance, hardness, or biocompatibility. This field of research plays a crucial role in developing new materials with improved performance and functionality.